The internet loves to pit "mineral" sunscreens against "chemical" ones, often with tribal intensity. For most people the debate is far less dramatic than it sounds: both types can offer good broad-spectrum protection, and the differences are mostly about feel and preference rather than one being universally superior.
Knowing how each works helps you pick what suits your skin without buying into the drama.
How each works
Mineral (sometimes called physical) sunscreens sit largely on the surface and use mineral filters to block and scatter UV. Chemical sunscreens use filters that absorb UV and convert it. In practice both aim to keep UV from harming your skin; the mechanism differs more than the goal does. What matters most in either case is that it is broad-spectrum and applied properly.
The old idea that one simply "reflects" and the other "absorbs" is a simplification, but it captures the rough distinction well enough.
The practical differences
Mineral formulas are often favoured by those with sensitive or reactive skin and can be gentler for some, though traditionally they were more prone to leaving a white cast — something modern formulas have improved. Chemical formulas often feel lighter and more invisible on the skin, which some people much prefer for daily wear.
Neither is automatically "cleaner" or safer in a way that should override finding one you will actually use. Skin feel and cosmetic elegance are legitimate deciding factors.
The one that wins
The best sunscreen, mineral or chemical, is overwhelmingly the one you will apply generously and consistently every day. A theoretically superior formula that feels unpleasant and gets skipped protects you far less than a "lesser" one you happily wear.
If your skin is sensitive, a gentle mineral option may suit; if you want a weightless daily feel, a chemical one may win. Choose broad-spectrum, choose comfortable, and wear it — the tribal debate matters far less than the habit.